Inspection of cranes in steel structure workshop
During factory construction, steel structure factory buildings are widely used. It has the advantages of short construction period and simple construction process, so it has been widely recognized and gradually evolved into an irreplaceable structure type such as other concrete workshops. Cranes are an important component of steel structure workshop. If some problems in the inspection of cranes cannot be resolved for a long time, they will have a significant impact on the construction progress of steel structure workshops, and even reduce the construction safety level.
Main Problems Existing in Inspection of Cranes in Steel Structure Workshop
1. The shock absorption and noise reduction effect is generally insufficient
The construction of the steel structure factory building is relatively difficult, the space is relatively closed, and the shock absorption and noise reduction effects are generally low, resulting in relatively large noise and severe vibration during the operation of the crane equipment, which will seriously affect the normal operation behavior of the equipment operators. Placing a rubber gasket with a suitable specification in the gap between the vehicle running track and the supporting rail beam is the most common method of shock absorption. This structure has shown certain effectiveness in terms of shock absorption and noise reduction. However, the application of the above damping measures may have a negative impact on the connection between the car body track and the rail bearing beam, and the rubber gasket will form a certain compression and rebound force, which will also reduce the compactness of the connection between different components on the track sex.
2. The stiffness of the transverse rail beam is unstable
The cross-section is I-shaped self-made steel, which is the most commonly used material in the manufacturing process of rail beam members in steel structure workshop. Fixing method is a commonly used fixing method for rail-bearing beams. It will be installed on the upper and rear parts of the steel structure's column corbel to promote the connection between its lower boundary and the column corbel. In the above process, bolts will be applied, and the upper boundary will usually be connected with connecting plates in the process of connecting with other components. The application of the above two parts is conducive to strengthening the fastness of the connection between the rail support beam and the column corbel. When the crane lifts an object with a relatively large dead weight, the wheels of the cart will exert a longitudinal load force on the wheels of the trolley during the horizontal swing towards the main girder. If in the above process, the rigidity of the rail-supporting beam is insufficient or the rail-supporting beam is loose, it will significantly increase the risk of dangerous accidents and increase the amount of energy loss, and the consequences will be immeasurable.
Measures for Optimizing Inspection of Cranes in Steel Structure Factory Buildings
1. Solidly grasp the measurement method of the main beam stiffness
A ruler is a common measuring tool in production and life. When detecting and judging the rigidity of the main girder of the crane, it can be completed by borrowing a special ruler. The specific operation method can be expressed as follows: First, hang a scale on the main girder with the assistance of the level gauge, and secure a suitable weight on the upper part of the scale. With the assistance of the level gauge equipment, measure the crane equipment in different states ( No load, rated load) corresponding to the span index. Secondly, the calculation results are obtained under the support of professional formulas. Finally, it is judged whether the effect on the stiffness of the main beam under the elastic state of the main beam reaches the preset index. However, using a ruler to measure the stiffness of the main girder of the crane, many external factors and internal variables of the main girder will affect the accuracy of the measurement results, resulting in certain deviations in the readings. The assembly gap, the deformation of the car body running track, etc. Therefore, in testing practice, the impact of the above factors should be comprehensively analyzed.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the test results, it is recommended to use the traditional test method to detect data exceeding the critical value, which is in the form of S/800. "S" corresponds to the span of the crane, especially those bearing beams with a large span and the partial surface of the crane with a small span. In the specific detection practice, it is recommended to hang three scales on the beams at both ends of the crane and between the main beams to realize the pre-tightening treatment of the objects, and then use the level gauge to detect the corresponding span values under no-load and rated load states, and timely Record relevant data information. In order to measure and calculate the deflection data of the main beam under a certain condition. Combined with the above measured data information, in-depth interpretation of the data corresponding to the deformation of the cart wheel and the end scale. The application of the above detection methods can usually obtain relatively ideal measurement results, and can basically eliminate the adverse effects of the deformation of the rail bearing beam on the accuracy of the main beam stiffness detection results from multiple dimensions.
2. Methods to deal with the lateral stiffness and instability of the rail bearing beam
During the construction of steel structure factory building rail beams, self-made steel with I-shaped loading surfaces is usually used, and the rail bearing beams have fixing methods corresponding to their own properties. During the fixed operation, if the span of the bearing rail beam is too large, once the load-bearing rail beam of the crane is opened or stopped across the empty car, the vibration of the bearing rail beam in the horizontal direction will increase. At present, for the inspection process of cranes, the measurement of stiffness indicators has not been clearly stipulated, and there is also a lack of exact standard requirements and suitable inspection methods, which will increase the difficulty of judging the inspection results under the influence of various factors. A large number of test results prove that under the conditions of no load, loading and 1.1 times loading, it is possible to achieve a more objective and scientific inspection of the lateral stiffness of the crane track beam.
3. Choose the corresponding technical method with the goal of dealing with reality
In the process of drafting the inspection plan and corresponding standards for cranes in steel structure workshops, it must be based on the current status of machinery and workshops. Because the steel structure factory building crane is a kind of mechanical equipment with extremely complex structure, it usually cannot be inspected by a one-level invariant method. For this reason, the crane inspection standards and plans should be determined based on the current situation, and relevant inspection technologies should be implemented in a targeted manner.
The application of crane equipment in the production field of industrial steel structure workshop has a significant role in promoting the process of industrial mechanization, reduces the input of human resources, improves operating efficiency, and assists enterprises to obtain greater economic benefits. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen crane performance testing, to discover and deal with faults in time, and to promote the maximization of its production efficiency.
